One of the most common problems in the spine is non -specific pain in the back of the back.According to the National Center for Health Statistics, 26-32% of the adult population suffer from chronic pain in the lower back.A common cause of such pain is osteochondrosis.
Osteochondrosis is early wear and aging of intervertebral discs and swirls.Osteochondrosis can occur in any part of the spine: cervix, chest, lumbar or lumbar spine.The lumbar segment is most often affected and the lumbar osteochondrosis develops.If you do not start treatment over time, the disease can influence several departments at the same time.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar region is a chronic degenerative disease in which the cartilage tissue of the intervertebral discs in the lumbar industry is destroyed.There are two main parts in the intervertebral disc: the core and fiber ring.In the event of an increased load, these structures are destroyed, which leads to compression of the nerves and the occurrence of acute pain.
Since the disease develops slowly, its signs are difficult to notice at first.The patient does not pay attention or do not even understand exactly where it hurts.For this reason, they often come to the doctor at the moment the hernia that the Schwandebral Hernie develops.
The causes of osteochondrosis
Lombal osteochondrosis, like most diseases of the musculoskeletal system, does not have infectious etiology.Risk factors for the development of osteochondrosis are mainly associated with the motor activity of a person, a lifestyle, professional working conditions and inheritance.Let us think with the main and perhaps most important factors.
Violation of attitude and reduction in motor activity.In view of the modern rhythm of life, people have to be in a position for a long time, be it office work, driving a car or study.For this reason, a large number of people have problems with the return violation against attitude, including scoliosis.When the posture is interrupted, the load on the spine is unevenly distributed: some discs are loaded more than others.The lumbar region suffers more than others.And in the case of the lumbar department, this load is many times more than in other departments.
Excessive physical activity.If a person does not do sports and their back muscles are weak, intensive training can harm.Exercises with additional loads and excessive load in the lumbar region lead to injuries, the intermediate discount slices carry in advance.
Excess body weight and obesityIncrease the axial load on the spine.At the same time, the diet of the intervertebral discs is disturbed through which dystrophic processes develop.
Age -related changes.After 60 years, tissue control processes are slowing down, so that in older people the likelihood that the hernia standing between the authorities are higher.
Inheritance factors.If a person is of course disturbed by the properties of cartilage and bone tissue, his osteochondrosis develops earlier and will be faster.
The first signs and main symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis
The intervertebral discs softening shocks when walking, running and jumping.Due to the structural changes accompanied by lumbar osteochondrosis, this function suffers.
If the intermediate slices for osteochondrosis make themselves thinner, this leads to an increase in the susceptibility of nerves and blood vessels.The nerves are trapped and their diet is disturbed, acute pain and other symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis occur.
Sharp and chronic pain in the lower back- This is the main complaint with lumbar osteochondrosis.Personal activity, hypothermia, unpleasant pose can cause pain.Sometimes the pain extends over the entire back and the entire leg.
Tingling, burning and deafness (paraesthesia) in the lower back and legs-Frequent symptom of a lumbar osteochondrosis that occurs due to the compression of the nerves.
Increase the sound of the back muscles in the lumbar regionIt can increase the pain and lead to a decrease in mobility.
Stages of the osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine
Changes to the cartilage and the bone fabric slowly occur.Depending on the prevalence of the pathological process, four stages of lumbar osteochondrosis are differentiated.
1. stage.This is the insertion of the disease (chondrosis).The location of the gallery -like core of the disc compared to fibers of the fibrous ring changes.This leads to nerves and pain.Sometimes nothing hurts in this phase.
Level 2.Due to the shifting of the windows, the intermediate authority is reduced, cracks appear in the windows.The nerves are compressed and the patient litters acute pain in the lower back.
Level 3.Intermediate swirl slices are completely damaged, a fiber ring is destroyed.At this stage, the risk of a university hernia is high.The pain intensifies, appears more often and has a different character: from acute to chronic pain.
4. Level.The disease applies to nearby tissue.In the lumbar region, mobility is reduced, pain occurs even with minor changes in the body position.In this stage, the intermediate omnia develop, and the risk of compression of nerves and blood vessels in the lumbar industry is high.
Diagnosis of an osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine
If you are tormented by acute pain in the lower back during movement and in peace, contact a neurologist.He will carry out an inspection, determine the likely cause of pain and prescribe the necessary diagnosis.
The main research methods are radiography and tomography.
- Sight, sighting and functional radiography of the spine in two projections.With this method you can evaluate the condition of the spine, but soft tissues (e.g. muscles) and the cartilage in the pictures are not displayed.
- You can get more information with computer tomography because the images are obtained in different projections.Based on the results of the study, the doctor can determine the degree of damage to the lumbar spine.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is the "gold standard" for the exact diagnosis of "lumbar osteochondrosis".According to the MRI, the doctor can evaluate the condition of the soft tissues and identify the hernia between the vertebrae.
Treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis
After a diagnosis, the neurologist selects the treatment individually.It depends on the stage of the disease and the severity of the symptoms.Most patients are supported by comprehensive conservative treatment (drug therapy, physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy).If the patient is not better and serious complications develop, the company is prescribed.
Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment tasks:
- Stop pain.
- Reduce inflammation.
- Prevent the development of complications.
- Reduce the load of the spine by strengthening the muscles of the back.
- Reduce the compression of the nerves.
- In the hernia hernia - create conditions for its absorption and natural healing.
In the acute phase of the disease, the doctor mainly reduces pain and inflammation with analgesics and anti -inflammatory drugs.After that, the neurologist creates an individual program that consists of physiotherapy, manual therapy and physiotherapy exercises.
PhysiotherapyIt is based on the use of physical factors: cold, heat, electrical current, magnetic radiation, laser, etc. They help to reduce the intensity of the pain and improve the tissue nutrition, which contributes to their natural restoration.
Kine therapyIt is active (training therapy) and passive (massage, traction).You can strengthen the muscles of the back, relieve muscle tension, improve microcirculation and activate recovery processes.
Manual therapy and massageRemove an increased muscle tone in the lower back and restore mobility.For this reason, the nutrition of the damaged area and the degree of nerves are improved.
RecordingsOr kinesiological taping is based on the use of elastic plasters that are glued to the skin to weaken or improve the muscle tone.Therefore, the muscle frame is strengthened, the microcirculation in the lumbar area improves and the distribution of the load on the spine is normalized.
Laser therapyIt is based on the use of laser radiation with low intensity and its positive effects on the function of cells.It contributes to the natural restoration of intervertebral discs to improve your diet.
Plasma therapy(PRP therapy) -a method to improve regeneration processes.Injections of the patient's cleaned plasma stimulate his immunity.
Reflexotherapy, acupunctureIf you improve blood supply to the affected areas, reduce the pain.
Shock wave therapy- This is the effect of high frequency waves on the affected area.It stimulates the natural processes of tissue regeneration and improves tissue nutrition.
Orthopedics- Individual selection of corsets for additional support for the spine.Partially enables the load on the spine.When you wear a corset, the pain decreases, the mobility and quality of the patient's life increases.
Lumbale osteochondrosis is a chronic disease.It is important that the patient changes his lifestyle and learns to live with this disease.There are special educational programs that can improve the quality of the patient's life.
The positive effect of conservative treatment is achieved in 2-3 months.If such treatment is ineffective, the operation is prescribed.
Operation
With the development of intermediate vertical hernia of the lumbar department, minimally invasive surgical operations are carried out.The choice towards neurosurgical treatment is made with special signs, which threatens the patient's life.
The company is a complex invasive treatment method associated with risks.Complications can develop during or after the operation.And the success of the treatment also depends on postoperative rehabilitation, which includes methods of conservative therapy and orthopedic correction.
Do not move the treatment
The osteochondrosis lumbar is a progressive illness.If it is not recognized in time and does not begin to treat it, it can lead to a disability and a reduction in quality of life.Over time, several parts of the spine are affected, the pain from acute in a chronic.
Timely prevention of symptoms and the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis in the early stages can prevent the development of the disease and deterioration in the disease.